Imikhonyovu Yokubuyiselwa Kwemali Ye-Crypto: Izisulu Ziphangwa Kanjani Kabili

Umkhonyovu wokubuyiselwa kwemali ye-crypto uqondiswe kubantu asebelahlekelwe yimali. Umuntu othi ungumphenyi, ummeli, isigebengu esingena ezinhlelweni zamakhompyutha, noma isikhulu sikahulumeni uthembisa ukuyibuyisa. Leso sithembiso sigcina ngokuthi isisulu sikhokhe futhi, kuntshontshwe isikhwama saso sedijithali, noma kwenzeke kokubili.

I-FBI yaqopha izikhalo ezingu-10,516 zemikhonyovu yokubuyiselwa kwemali nokulahlekelwa okubikiwe okungu-$1.4 billion ngo-2025. Lelo nani lingahlanganisa imali elahlekile emkhonyovwini wokuqala kanye naleyo elahlekile emkhonyovwini wokuyibuyisa. Alisho izimali ezikhokhelwe ukubuyiselwa kwemali kuphela.

Amacala abhalwe phansi

UJosh Kern: isithembiso sokubuyiselwa kwemali sabiza umndeni wakhe omunye u-$41,000

Umbhali wamanoveli waseColorado, uJosh Kern, waxoxa ngokwamehlela ohlelweni lwe-AARP oluthi The Perfect Scam ngoFebhuwari 2026. Ngemva kokulahlekelwa cishe u-$100,000 emkhonyovwini wokuqomisana nokutshalwa kwezimali nge-crypto, wafuna usizo ku-inthanethi.

Inkampani ethi ibuyisa imali yaqale yathembisa ukusebenza ukuze ithole ingxenye yemali eyayizoyibuyisa. Kamuva yathi imali yakhe isilungile, kodwa kwakudingeka afake u-$35,000 ukuze akwazi ukuyithola. UKern waboleka leyo mali kubazali bakhe asebethathe umhlalaphansi.

Lapho leyo mali inyamalala, inkampani yasola iphutha lobuchwepheshe futhi yafuna imali ye-gas. Umfowabo wanikeza cishe u-$3,000, wabuye wanikeza omunye u-$3,000 ngemva kokuthi kuthiwe kube nelinye iphutha. UKern wachaza ukuthi ulahlekelwe cishe u-$100,000 wemali yakhe, u-$35,000 wabazali bakhe kanye no-$6,000 womfowabo.

Ugibe: isevisi ingathembisa ukuthi akukho mali ekhokhwa kusengaphambili, bese ifuna amadiphozithi nezimali zokudlulisa ngemva kokuthi isithe ukubuyiselwa kwemali kuphumelele.

I-Coin Dispute Network: amakhasimende angaphezu kuka-200 abika ukuthi akukho mali ayibuyiselwe

NgoMeyi 2025, abashushisi baseManhattan bamemezela amacala abekwe uMichael Lauchlan noGary Zaydman mayelana neCoin Dispute Network. Abashushisi basola ukuthi le nkampani yayisebenzisa imibiko engamanga yokulandela imali, izindaba ezingamanga, abalingisi abakhokhelwayo ababezincoma njengamakhasimende, kanye nobunikazi obuqanjiwe ku-inthanethi ukuze ihehe amakhasimende.

Kuthiwa inkampani yayizisholo ukuthi ibuyisele enye imali ye-crypto kumakhasimende angaba ngu-80% phakathi kwezinyanga ezingaba yisithupha. Amakhasimende aqale akhokha imali yokubonisana engu-0.1 ETH, kwalandela izimali ezazivamise ukuba ngu-10% kuya ku-15% wemali ayefuna ukuyibuyiselwa.

Abashushisi bathi izinkundla zokuhwebelana nge-crypto zazizenqaba ngokuphindaphindiwe izincwadi zenkampani zezikhalo, kuyilapho amakhasimende ethola imibiko engamanga yenqubekela phambili. Abaphenyi base bekhulume namakhasimende angaphezu kuka-200 e-United States naseCanada; akukho nelilodwa elalibuyiselwe i-cryptocurrency ngale nkampani. Lezi kwakuyizinsolo ezazisencwadini yamacala.

Ugibe: umbiko wokulandela imali, ithimba losizo elibonakala limatasa, namavidiyo amakhasimende abonakala ethembekile konke kungaba yingxenye yomkhonyovu.

Izikhungo zezingcingo zase-Albania: inethiwekhi efanayo yaphinde yaxhumana nezisulu

I-Eurojust yabika ngo-Ephreli 2026 ukuthi uphenyo ngezikhungo zezingcingo eTirana lwaholela ekuboshweni kwabantu abangu-10. Iziphathimandla zahlobanisa umsebenzi omkhulu nalokhu kulahlekelwa okusolakala ukuthi kudlula ama-€50 million emikhonyovwini yokutshalwa kwezimali.

Isithembiso sokubuyisa imali sasiyisigaba sesibili. Abasebenzi bathintana nabantu ababevele belahlekelwe yimali ezinkundleni eziwumkhonyovu, babathembisa ukubasiza bayibuyise. Izisulu ezazinentshisekelo zatshelwa ukuba zivule ama-akhawunti ezinkundleni ze-cryptocurrency bese zifaka idiphozithi yokuqala engu-€500.

Inani lama-€50 million libhekisela kuwo wonke umsebenzi omkhulu okusolwa ukuthi wawuwumkhonyovu. I-Eurojust ayishongo ukuthi yonke leyo mali yayilahlekile ngenxa yomkhonyovu wokubuyiselwa kwemali.

Ugibe: abantu abathi bayasiza bangase babe yingxenye yenethiwekhi eyantshontsha imali ekuqaleni. Ukwazi umlando wesisulu kubenza bazwakale bethembekile.

I-MyChargeBack, i-Payback LTD ne-Claim Justice: uphenyo lwe-FBI ngomkhonyovu wokubuyiselwa kwemali

NgoSepthemba 2024, i-FBI yamemezela ukuthi ithathe amagama ezizinda zewebhu zeMyChargeBack, Payback LTD neClaim Justice ngesikhathi iphenya umkhonyovu wokubuyiselwa kwemali ye-cryptocurrency.

Le nhlangano yayifuna abantu ababekhokhe kusengaphambili belindele usizo oluqondile lokubuyiselwa kwemali, kodwa esikhundleni salokho bathola imibiko yokulandela imali esolisayo nezincwadi eziyizifanekiso zokuzithumela ezikhungweni zezimali. Isaziso sayo sachaza uphenyo sacela izisulu ezingaba khona ukuba zivele; asizange simemezele ukuthi kukhona abalahlwe amacala.

Ugibe: ukuthola imibhalo ngemva kokukhokha akufakazeli ukuthi kwenziwe umsebenzi owusizo wokubuyisa imali. Umbiko kufanele ube nobufakazi obungahlolwa omunye umphenyi noma ummeli.

Lokho okuvezwa ucwaningo ngale kwezixwayiso ezijwayelekile

Abacwaningi bahlola le mikhonyovu ngokuthumela izicelo zosizo eziqanjiwe nangokuxhumana nama-akhawunti ayebaphendula.

Okutholakele ngezansi kuvela ezifundweni ezimbili zango-2024: Conning the Crypto Conman, eyashicilelwa ku-IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, kanye ne-ScamChatBot, eyakhishwa njengombhalo wocwaningo ongakahlaziywa ngokugcwele. Lo mbhalo wesibili wawungakabuyekezwa ontanga abangochwepheshe ngesikhathi ukhishwa okokuqala.

Okutholwe ucwaningo	Lokho okukushoyo kubafundi
Ocwaningweni lwe-ScamChatBot, izicelo zosizo eziqanjiwe ezingu-6,106 kwezingu-12,780 eziphathelene nezikhwama ze-crypto zathola izimpendulo kubantu ababengaba abakhonyovi: 47.8%. Ezicelweni eziqanjiwe zokubuyiselwa kwama-akhawunti ezinkundla zokuxhumana, izinga lalingu-10.8%.	Ukucela usizo lwe-crypto obala kungadonsa izimpendulo eziningi ezizenza usizo kodwa zingamanga.
Ekuhlolweni kwezikhwama ocwaningweni lwe-Conning the Crypto Conman, abakhonyovi badlulisa imali ezikhwameni ezingu-35 kweziyi-100 ababephiwe amagama okuzibuyisela. Abakhonyovi abayisishiyagalolunye bafuna amadiphozithi amakhulu aphakathi kuka-$500 no-$3,500.	Ukucelwa ukuba wengeze imali esikhwameni ukuze ibuyiselwe noma iqinisekiswe kungahlela elinye ithuba lokweba.
Kubantu abangu-74 abaphendula nge-imeyili kulolo cwaningo, abangu-27 bacela okhiye abayimfihlo. Abanye abangu-47 bacela inkokhelo, ngokusebenzisa i-PayPal noma i-cryptocurrency.	Imikhonyovu yokubuyiselwa kwemali ingantshontsha indlela yokungena noma ikhokhise usizo olungamanga. Ukusebenzisa indlela yokukhokha ejwayelekile akusho ukuthi umsebenzi usemthethweni.
Ocwaningweni lwe-ScamChatBot, izimpendulo ze-imeyili zokuqala ezingu-48 kwezingu-156 zafika ngaphansi komzuzwana owodwa futhi zatholakala ukuthi zazizenzakalela.	Impendulo esheshayo nebhalwe ngobunono ingaba umlayezo ohleliwe oqondisa abantu ekhasini lokukhokha noma ekhasini lokuntshontsha imininingwane.

Lezi kwakuyizivivinyo ezilawulwayo ezasebenzisa izicelo eziyizicupho. Amaphesenti azo awazona izilinganiso zokuthi zingaki izisulu zangempela ezikhonjwa ngabakhonyovi, futhi awasho lutho ngamathuba okubuyisa imali entshontshiwe.

Kungani umkhonyovi olandelayo eseyazi imininingwane yakho?

Abakhonyovi bayathenga, bathengise futhi bashintshane ngezinhlu ezinemininingwane yokuxhumana yezisulu, uhlobo lomkhonyovu kanye nenani lemali ezalikhokha. Abakhonyovi bokuqala nabo bangase baqhube umsebenzi wokuthi bazobuyisa imali.

Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani umuntu okushayelayo engase azi ukuthi ulahlekelwe yimalini ngaphambi kokuba umtshele. Akufakazeli ukuthi usebenza namaphoyisa noma ukuthi usetholile imali yakho.

Amawebhusayithi omgunyathi okubika ubugebengu nawo aba umthombo wolwazi. NgoJulayi 2026, i-FBI yachaza amavidiyo akhiqizwe nge-AI ayeqondisa izisulu ekhophi yomgunyathi yesayithi lezikhalo le-IC3. Ifomu elingamanga laqoqa amagama, imininingwane yokuxhumana, izinhlobo zemikhonyovu kanye nezilinganiso zokulahlekelwa yimali, lase linikeza inombolo yesithenjwa.

Kulula ukuqamba inombolo yecala. Qinisekisa iwebhusayithi nenhlangano eyikhiphile.

Indlela yokubona umkhonyovu wokubuyiselwa kwemali ye-crypto

1. Qinisekisa umuntu ngaphandle kwengxoxo eniyenzayo

Thola inhlangano ngomthombo ozimele. Shayela inombolo eshicilelwe umlawuli, inkampani yabameli, amaphoyisa noma olunye uhlu olusemthethweni. Buza ukuthi umuntu oqanjwe ngegama usebenza khona yini nokuthi lokho akunikezayo kuyiqiniso yini.

Abakhonyovi bakopisha amagama, amakheli nezinombolo zokubhalisa zezinkampani zangempela. Hlola ukuthi iwebhusayithi, ikheli le-imeyili, inombolo yocingo kanye nemvume okuthiwa ikhona kuyahambisana yini nolwazi olusohlwini olusemthethweni oluzimele.

Uma umuntu ethi umele i-FBI, qinisekisa lokho ehhovisi le-FBI eliseduze. Izinhlaka zomthetho azikhokhisi izisulu ukuze ziphenye ubugebengu.

2. Buza ukuthi yini engase yenze ukubuyiselwa kwemali kwenzeke ngempela

Incazelo ethembekile kufanele iveze izinyathelo ezithile nemikhawulo yazo. Buza lokhu:

• Yibuphi ubufakazi obuxhumanisa lokhu kudluliswa kwemali nokulahlekelwa kwami?
• Ubani ophethe imali manje, futhi yibuphi ubufakazi obusekela leso siphetho?
• Iyiphi inkundla yokuhwebelana, inkantolo noma enye inhlangano engathatha isinyathelo?
• Yimuphi umsebenzi engizowuthola ngemali engiyikhokhayo, ngisho noma kungekho mali ebuyayo?

Izinkampani ezizimele ezithi zibuyisa imali azikwazi ukukhipha imiyalo yokushaqa impahla. Izinkundla zokuhwebelana zimisa ama-akhawunti ngokwezinqubo zazo noma ngenxa yezinyathelo zomthetho.

Umdwebo obonisa ukuthi imali ihambe kuphi awuzifakazeli wona wodwa ukuthi ubani umnikazi we-akhawunti eyamukele, ukuthi imali isekhona yini noma ukuthi ingabuyiselwa yini.

Isithembiso sokubuyiselwa kwemali engu-100% siwuphawu lwengozi. Umphumela uncike ebufakazini, ekutheni ubani olawula izimpahla, nasezinyathelweni zomthetho ezingathathwa.

3. Hlola ukuthi inkokhelo yakho kuthiwa izokutholelani

Lezi zicelo kufanele zikwenze uyeke ukukhokha:

Isicelo	Kungani siyinkinga?
Khokha intela noma imali yokugunyaza ukukhishwa kwemali okuthiwa usuyibuyiselwe.	Isimangalo sokuthi imali isibuyisiwe sisetshenziselwa ukuthola enye inkokhelo. Qinisekisa noma yisiphi isibopho sentela sangempela ngokuqondile kuziphathimandla ezifanele.
Faka enye i-crypto ukuze uvule, uvumelanise noma uqinisekise ibhalansi ethi ibuyisiwe.	Ukwengeza imali akufakazeli ukuthi ibhalansi ekhona ingeyangempela noma ingasetshenziswa.
Khokha enye imali ngoba isinyathelo sangaphambili sokubuyisa imali sehlulekile.	Amaphutha aphindaphindwayo angenza isisulu siqhubeke nokukhokha, njengoba kubonakala endabeni kaKern.
Khokhela umphenyi kahulumeni noma omele i-IC3.	I-FBI ayikhokhisi izisulu imali yokuphenya.

Ukudluliswa kwemali kwangempela ku-blockchain kungadinga izimali zenethiwekhi. Buza ukuthi yikuphi ukudluliswa okudinga leyo mali bese uhlola inani kusofthiwe yesikhwama sakho. Ukubiza i-invoyisi ngokuthi yimali ye-gas akufakazeli ukuthi kukhona imali ebuyisiwe.

Abameli abasemthethweni bangakhokhisa izimali zokubagcina noma ezinye izimali okuvunyelwene ngazo. Thola incazelo yomsebenzi namalungiselelo okukhokha abhalwe phansi ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi uqale. Imali ekhokhelwa uchwepheshe ikhokhela umsebenzi ochaziwe; umkhonyovu wemali yokukhulula izimali ukukhokhisa ukuze uvule ibhalansi ethenjisiwe. Qinisekisa ngokuzimela umhlinzeki kanye nenkontileka.

4. Vikela ukufinyelela esikhwameni sakho ngesikhathi sanoma yikuphi ukuhlola

Ukulandela imali entshontshiwe kusebenzisa amarekhodi okudluliswa kwemali. Umuntu ongamazi akufanele adinge amagama akho okubuyisela isikhwama (seed phrase), ukhiye wangasese, iphasiwedi yenkundla yokuhwebelana noma ikhodi yokungena esetshenziswa kanye ukuze ahlole lowo mkhondo.

I-seed phrase iyiqoqo lamagama okubuyisela isikhwama sedijithali. Noma ubani onawo angase akwazi ukulawula isikhwama. Ithimba le-IEEE laqinisekisa ukwebiwa kokhiye lisebenzisa izikhwama eziyizicupho.

Hlola nanoma yisiphi isicelo sokusayina ukudluliswa kwemali noma umyalezo. Imvume ye-token ingavumela inkontileka ihambise izimpahla ezithile esikhwameni sakho. Ukunqamula ukuxhumana newebhusayithi akuzikhanseli izimvume osuvele uzinikezile.

Vula ngokwakho ukwesekwa okusemthethweni kwesikhwama. Ungasebenzisi isixhumanisi esinikezwa umuntu othi ubuyisa imali ukufaka isofthiwe, ukubuyisela isikhwama noma ukugunyaza ukudluliswa kwemali okuthiwa "okokuqinisekisa".

5. Qinisekisa ukudluliswa kwemali kunokuthemba isithombe sesikrini

Cela izinombolo zokuhlonza ukudluliswa kwemali, inethiwekhi ye-blockchain kanye nohlobo lwempahla oluthintekayo. Hlola amarekhodi usebenzisa isihloli samabhulokhi ozivulela sona, kunokusebenzisa ikhasi ledatha elinikezwa isevisi yokubuyiselwa kwemali.

Isithombe sesikrini esibonisa ibhalansi enkulu asikhombisi ukuthi kukhona obuyise imali yakho. Ngisho nokudluliswa kwemali kwangempela kudinga incazelo yokuthi kuhlobana kanjani nokulahlekelwa kwakho kanye nemali engabuyiselwa ngokomthetho.

Ungaxhumi isikhwama sakho noma usayine noma yini ukuze nje ubuke amarekhodi e-blockchain atholakala emphakathini.

6. Bheka ubufakazi bamakhasimende nokukhulunywa ngenkampani ezindabeni njengezimangalo okufanele ziphenywe

Kusolwa ukuthi i-Coin Dispute Network yasebenzisa abalingisi, amaphrofayela ezinkundla zokuxhumana aqanjiwe nezindaba ezingamanga. Le mininingwane ibalulekile lapho abantu abaningana ababonakala bengahlobene bencoma inkampani efanayo yokubuyisa imali.

Abakhonyovi bokubuyisa imali bangase basebenzise izinsiza zokusabalalisa izitatimende zabezindaba ukufaka izinto zokukhangisa kumawebhusayithi ezindaba. Uphawu lwenkampani yezindaba eyaziwayo alufakazeli ukuthi izintatheli zayo ziphenye leyo nkampani.

Funa ubufakazi ngaphandle kwewebhusayithi yomhlinzeki: icala lasenkantolo elingaqinisekiswa ngokuzimela, ubunikazi bomsebenzi oqinisekisiwe, noma ikhasimende elizimisele ukuxoxa ngomsebenzi owenziwe ngempela. Izinga lempumelelo okuthiwa likhona lidinga incazelo yokuthi labalwa kanjani.

Ukubuyiselwa kwemali kwangempela kubukeka kanjani?

Ukubuyiselwa kwemali kwangempela kungenzeka. Ngokuvamile kuhilela izinyathelo ezihlukene:

1. Ukulandela umkhondo: abaphenyi bathola ukuthi izimpahla zidluliselwe kuphi.
2. Ukuvikela izimpahla: inkundla yokuhwebelana noma enye inhlangano ezilawulayo ithatha isinyathelo, noma iziphathimandla zithola imiyalo yomthetho edingekayo.
3. Ukubuyisela izimpahla: ubunikazi kanye nezicelo zezisulu kuyahlolwa ngenqubo efanele.

Ukuphumelela ekulandeleni umkhondo kuyingxenye eyodwa kuphela yalowo msebenzi.

Isibonelo esibhalwe phansi sivela eRichmond Hill, eGeorgia. Isakhamuzi sabika ukudluliswa kwe-crypto okungagunyaziwe okulinganiselwa ku-$124,000 ngo-Okthoba 2024. I-FBI yalandela umkhondo futhi yathatha izimpahla, kwalandela icala lombuso lokudliwa kwezimpahla enkantolo yomphakathi. NgoNovemba 2025, iHhovisi Lommeli Wombuso wase-US lamemezela ukuthi u-$84,327.50 wawubuyiselwe esisulwini ngemva kokudliwa kwezimpahla nokuguqulwa kwazo zaba yimali.

Lokho kwakuwukubuyiselwa kwengxenye yemali okwesekwa uphenyo nenqubo yasenkantolo. Akubeki izinga elivamile lokubuyiselwa kwemali futhi akuqinisekisi umphumela ofanayo kwelinye icala.

Uma usuyikhokhelile isevisi yokubuyiselwa kwemali

1. Yeka ukukhokha futhi. Gcina imiyalezo ngaphambi kokuvimba umthumeli. Ungakhokhi imali yokugcina yokukhulula izimali noma enye imali ukuze ubuyiselwe obukukhokhile.
2. Thintana nomhlinzeki wakho wezinkokhelo ngokushesha. Tshela ibhange lakho, okhipha ikhadi lakho, inkundla yokuhwebelana noma uhlelo lokukhokha ukuthi usola umkhonyovu. Buza ukuthi bangayimisa yini inkokhelo, bayibuyise, bayiphikise noma bayimake njengosolisayo. Izindlela zokulungisa isimo zincike endleleni okhokhe ngayo.
3. Gcina ubufakazi bayo yomibili imikhonyovu. Gcina amarekhodi omkhonyovu wokuqala kanye nawesevisi yokubuyiselwa kwemali, okuhlanganisa namarisidi, izinombolo zokuhlonza ukudluliswa kwemali, amakheli ezikhwama, amawebhusayithi, ama-imeyili namakhophi ezingxoxo akhishiwe.
4. Vikela izimpahla ezisele. Uma unikeze izimvume ze-token ezisolisayo, landela iziqondiso ezisemthethweni zomhlinzeki wesikhwama sakho ukuze uzihoxise. Ukunqamula ukuxhumana nesayithi kuphela akwanele.
5. Thatha i-seed phrase oyidalulile njengengasaphephile. Landela imiyalo yokwesekwa kwesikhwama esemthethweni ukuze uthuthele izimpahla ezisele esikhwameni esisha esinamagama amasha okubuyisela. Uma i-bot idonsa imali esikhwameni esidala, ungafaki enye i-crypto ukuze ukhokhele i-gas. Ukuhoxisa izimvume ngeke kwenze amagama aseveziwe aphinde abe yimfihlo.
6. Bika umkhonyovu wesibili kanye nowokuqala. Xhumana namaphoyisa ezwe lakini noma isevisi yokubika ubugebengu be-inthanethi. E-United States, bika ku-IC3 naku-FTC. Faka imininingwane yabantu abathembisa ukukusiza ubuyise imali.