Uburiganya bwo Kugaruza Amafaranga ya Kripto: Uko Abahohotewe Bongera Kwibwa

Uburiganya bwo kugaruza amafaranga ya kripto bwibasira abantu bamaze gutakaza amafaranga. Umuntu wiyita umushakashatsi w'ibyaha, umunyamategeko, umuhanga mu kwinjira muri sisitemu cyangwa umukozi wa leta abasezeranya kuyabagarurira. Iryo sezerano rituma bongera kwishyura, bakibwa ikofi ya kripto, cyangwa byombi.

FBI yakiriye ibirego 10,516 by'uburiganya bwo kugaruza amafaranga, n'igihombo cyatangajwe kingana na $1.4 miliyari mu 2025. Icyo gihombo gishobora kuba gikubiyemo amafaranga yatakajwe mu buriganya bwa mbere no mu bwo kuyagaruza. Ntabwo ari umubare w'amafaranga yatanzwe nk'ikiguzi cyo kuyagaruza gusa.

Ingero z'ibyabaye zanditswe

Josh Kern: isezerano ryo kugaruza amafaranga ryatumye umuryango we utakaza andi $41,000

Muri Gashyantare 2026, umwanditsi w'ibitabo by'inkuru wo muri Colorado witwa Josh Kern yasobanuye ibyamubayeho mu kiganiro cya AARP cyitwa The Perfect Scam. Amaze gutakaza hafi $100,000 mu buriganya bwo gukundana no gushora imari muri kripto, yashakiye ubufasha kuri interineti.

Mu ntangiriro, sosiyete yavuze ko izamufasha kugaruza amafaranga, ikazahabwa igice cy'ayo izaba yagaruye. Nyuma yavuze ko amafaranga ye abonetse, ariko ko agomba kubanza gushyiraho $35,000 kugira ngo ayabone. Kern yagujije ayo mafaranga ababyeyi be bari mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru.

Ayo mafaranga amaze kubura, sosiyete yabigerekereje ku kibazo cya tekiniki maze isaba ikiguzi cya gas. Umuvandimwe we yatanze hafi $3,000, nyuma atanga andi $3,000 ubwo bavugaga ko habaye ikindi kibazo. Kern yavuze ko yatakaje hafi $100,000 ye bwite, $35,000 z'ababyeyi be na $6,000 z'umuvandimwe we.

Umutego: serivisi ishobora kuvuga ko nta kiguzi cyo kwishyura mbere, hanyuma igasaba amafaranga yo kubitsa n'ayo kohereza imaze kuvuga ko kugaruza byakunze.

Coin Dispute Network: abakiriya barenga 200 bavuze ko nta mafaranga bagaruje

Muri Gicurasi 2025, abashinjacyaha bo muri Manhattan batangaje ibirego kuri Michael Lauchlan na Gary Zaydman bijyanye na Coin Dispute Network. Bavuze ko iyo sosiyete yakoreshaga raporo mpimbano zo gukurikirana amafaranga, inkuru z'ibinyoma, abakinnyi bahembwaga kwigira abakiriya bashima serivisi, n'imyirondoro mpimbano kuri interineti kugira ngo ikurure abakiriya.

Bivugwa ko sosiyete yavugaga ko yagaruje kripto zimwe ku bakiriya bagera kuri 80% mu gihe kingana n'amezi atandatu. Abakiriya babanzaga kwishyura 0.1 ETH nk'ikiguzi cy'inama, nyuma bakishyura amafaranga ubusanzwe angana na 10% kugeza kuri 15% by'ayo bashakaga kugaruza.

Abashinjacyaha bavuze ko amasoko yo kugurishirizaho kripto yakomezaga kwanga amabaruwa ya sosiyete asaba gukemura amakimbirane, mu gihe abakiriya bahabwaga amakuru y'ibinyoma y'aho igikorwa kigeze. Abashinzwe iperereza bari baravuganye n'abakiriya barenga 200 bo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Canada; nta n'umwe wagaruje amafaranga ya kripto abifashijwemo n'iyo sosiyete. Ibyo byari ibirego byanditswe mu nyandiko y'ubushinjacyaha.

Umutego: raporo yo gukurikirana amafaranga, itsinda ry'abafasha abakiriya rihora rihugiye mu kazi, na videwo z'abakiriya zisa n'izizewe, byose bishobora kuba iby'uburiganya.

Ibigo bihamagara abantu muri Albania: itsinda rimwe ryongeye kwegera abahohotewe

Muri Mata 2026, Eurojust yatangaje ko iperereza ku bigo bihamagara abantu byo muri Tirana ryatumye abantu 10 batabwa muri yombi. Abayobozi bahuje ibikorwa by'iryo tsinda rinini n'igihombo gikekwa ko cyaturutse ku buriganya bw'ishoramari kirenga €50 miliyoni.

Kubasezeranya kugaruza amafaranga byari icyiciro cya kabiri. Abakozi bahamagaraga abantu bari baramaze gutakaza amafaranga ku mbuga z'uburiganya, bakabizeza kubafasha kuyagaruza. Ababaga babyemeye basabwaga gufungura konti ku mbuga za kripto no kubanza kubitsa €500.

Umubare wa €50 miliyoni werekeza ku bikorwa byose by'uburiganya bivugwa ko byakozwe n'iryo tsinda. Eurojust ntiyavuze ko ayo mafaranga yose ari igihombo cy'uburiganya bwo kugaruza amafaranga.

Umutego: abaguha ubufasha bashobora kuba ari bamwe mu bagutwaye amafaranga bwa mbere. Kumenya amateka y'uwahohotewe bituma basa n'abavugisha ukuri.

MyChargeBack, Payback LTD na Claim Justice: iperereza rya FBI ku buriganya bwo kugaruza amafaranga

Muri Nzeri 2024, FBI yatangaje ko yafashe amazina ya domeni z'imbuga za MyChargeBack, Payback LTD na Claim Justice mu iperereza ku buriganya bwo kugaruza kripto.

Urwo rwego rwashakaga abantu bari barishyuye mbere bizeye gufashwa kugaruza amafaranga, ariko bakabona raporo zo gukurikirana amafaranga ziteye amakenga n'amabaruwa y'icyitegererezo yo kohereza mu bigo by'imari. Itangazo ryasobanuye iperereza risaba abashobora kuba barahohotewe kwigaragaza; ntiryatangaje ko hari abahamijwe icyaha.

Umutego: guhabwa inyandiko nyuma yo kwishyura ntibigaragaza ko habayeho umurimo nyawo wo kugaruza amafaranga. Raporo igomba kuba irimo ibimenyetso undi mushakashatsi w'ibyaha cyangwa umunyamategeko ashobora kugenzura.

Icyo ubushakashatsi bugaragaza kirenze imiburo isanzwe

Abashakashatsi bagerageje ubu buriganya bashyira kuri interineti ubutumwa bw'ibihimbano busaba ubufasha, hanyuma baganira na konti zabusubije.

Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bikurikira bishingiye ku nyigo ebyiri zo mu 2024: Conning the Crypto Conman, yasohotse mu nama ya IEEE yiga ku mutekano no kurinda amakuru bwite, na ScamChatBot, yasohotse nk'inyandiko y'ubushakashatsi itarabanzirijwe n'isuzuma rya nyuma. Igihe iyo nyandiko yasohokaga bwa mbere, ntiyari yakasuzumwe n'abandi bashakashatsi.

Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi	Icyo bisobanuye ku basomyi
Muri ScamChatBot, ubutumwa 6,106 muri 12,780 bw'ibihimbano bwasabaga ubufasha kuri za wallet za kripto bwasubijwe n'abashobora kuba ari abatekamutwe: 47.8%. Ku butumwa bw'ibihimbano bwasabaga kugaruza konti zo ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, uwo mubare wari 10.8%.	Gusaba ku mugaragaro ubufasha kuri kripto bishobora gutuma abatekamutwe benshi biyitirira abatanga ubufasha.
Mu igerageza rya wallet ryakozwe muri Conning the Crypto Conman, abatekamutwe bavanye amafaranga muri wallet 35 muri 100 zari zahawe amagambo yo kuzigarura. Abatekamutwe icyenda basabye ko habikwa andi mafaranga menshi, hagati ya $500 na $3,500.	Gusabwa kongera amafaranga muri wallet ngo agaruzwe cyangwa agenzurwe bishobora gutegura ubundi bujura.
Mu bantu 74 basubije kuri imeyili muri iyo nyigo, 27 basabye imfunguzo z'ibanga. Abandi 47 basabye kwishyurwa, hakoreshejwe PayPal cyangwa kripto.	Uburiganya bwo kugaruza amafaranga bushobora kwiba uburyo bwo kugera kuri konti cyangwa kwishyuza ubufasha butabaho. Gukoresha uburyo bwo kwishyura busanzwe buzwi ntibigaragaza ko serivisi yemewe.
Muri ScamChatBot, ibisubizo 48 muri 156 bya imeyili za mbere byahageze mu gihe kiri munsi y'isegonda rimwe kandi byagaragaye ko byoherejwe mu buryo bwikora.	Igisubizo cyihuse kandi cyanditse neza gishobora kuba ubutumwa bwateguwe buyobora abantu ku rupapuro rwo kwishyura cyangwa rwo kwiba amakuru.

Ibyo byari igerageza ryagenzuwe rikoresheje ubutumwa bw'umutego. Ijanisha ryabonetse ntirigereranya umubare w'abahohotewe nyakuri bongera gushukwa, kandi ntirivuga amahirwe yo kugaruza amafaranga yibwe.

Impamvu undi mutekamutwe aba asanzwe azi amakuru yawe

Abatekamutwe baragura, bakagurisha kandi bakagurana urutonde ruriho amakuru y'abo bahohoteye, ubwoko bw'uburiganya n'amafaranga bishyuye. Abakoze uburiganya bwa mbere bashobora no kwikorera ibikorwa byo kwiyitirira abagaruza amafaranga.

Ibyo bisobanura impamvu uguhamagaye ashobora kuba azi amafaranga watakaje utarayamubwira. Ntibigaragaza ko akorana na polisi cyangwa ko yabonye aho amafaranga yawe ari.

Imbuga mpimbano zo gutangaho ibirego na zo zitanga andi makuru. Muri Nyakanga 2026, FBI yasobanuye videwo zakozwe na AI zoherezaga abahohotewe ku rubuga rwa IC3 rwo gutangaho ibirego rwiganywe. Ifishi mpimbano yakusanyaga amazina, amakuru y'itumanaho, ubwoko bw'uburiganya n'igihombo cyagereranyijwe, nyuma igatanga nomero y'irangamimerere ry'ikirego.

Nomero y'ikirego iroroshye guhimba. Genzura urubuga n'ikigo byayitanze.

Uko wamenya uburiganya bwo kugaruza kripto

1. Genzura uwo muntu unyuze mu nzira yigenga itari ikiganiro murimo

Shaka icyo kigo ukoresheje amakuru aturutse ahandi hizewe. Hamagara nomero yatangajwe n'urwego rugenzura, ikigo cy'abanyamategeko, polisi cyangwa urundi rutonde rwemewe. Baza niba umuntu uvugwa ahakorera kandi niba icyo aguha ari ukuri.

Abatekamutwe bigana amazina, aderesi na nomero zo kwiyandikisha by'ibigo nyabyo. Genzura niba urubuga, aderesi ya imeyili, nomero ya telefone n'uburenganzira bavuga ko bafite bihuye n'ibiri mu rutonde rwigenga rwemewe.

Niba umuntu avuga ko ahagarariye FBI, bibaze ibiro bya FBI byo mu gace bireba. Inzego zishinzwe kubahiriza amategeko ntizaka abahohotewe amafaranga yo gukora iperereza ku byaha.

2. Baza icyatuma kugaruza amafaranga bishoboka koko

Ibisobanuro byizewe bigomba kwerekana intambwe zifatika n'aho zigarukira. Baza uti:

• Ni ibihe bimenyetso bihuza ibi bikorwa byo kohereza amafaranga n'igihombo cyanjye?
• Ni nde ufite ububasha ku mafaranga ubu, kandi ni ibihe bimenyetso bibyerekana?
• Ni irihe soko rya kripto, urukiko cyangwa urundi rwego rushobora kugira icyo rukora?
• Ni uwuhe murimo nzahabwa ku mafaranga nishyura nubwo hatagira na kimwe kigaruzwa?

Ibigo byigenga byo kugaruza amafaranga ntibishobora gutanga amabwiriza yo gufatira umutungo. Amasoko ya kripto ahagarika konti hakurikijwe inzira zayo cyangwa asubiza ku bikorwa by'amategeko.

Igishushanyo cyerekana aho amafaranga yanyuze ubwacyo nticyemeza nyiri konti yayakiriye, niba akiyirimo, cyangwa niba ashobora gusubizwa.

Gusezeranya kugaruza 100% ni ikimenyetso cy'uburiganya. Icyavamo giterwa n'ibimenyetso, ufite ububasha ku mutungo n'ibikorwa by'amategeko bishoboka.

3. Genzura icyo wishyuzwa koko

Ibi bisabwa bikwiye gutuma uhagarika kwishyura:

Icyo basaba	Impamvu ari ikibazo
Ishyura umusoro cyangwa ikiguzi cyo kurekura amafaranga bavuga ko bakugaruriye.	Ikivugwa ko amafaranga yagarujwe kirakoreshwa kugira ngo bakwishyuze andi. Umusoro uwo ari wo wose ugomba kuwugenzura ubwawe ku rwego rubishinzwe.
Bitsa izindi kripto kugira ngo amafaranga yagarujwe afungurwe, ahuzwe cyangwa yemezwe.	Kongera amafaranga kuri konti ntibyemeza ko asanzwe agaragara kuri yo ari ay'ukuri cyangwa ashobora gukoreshwa.
Ishyura ikindi kiguzi kuko intambwe ibanza yo kugaruza amafaranga yananiwe.	Kuvuga amakosa ahora agaruka bishobora gutuma uwahohotewe akomeza kwishyura, nk'uko byagendekeye Kern.
Ishyura umushakashatsi wa leta cyangwa uhagarariye IC3.	FBI ntiyishyuza abahohotewe ikiguzi cyo gukora iperereza.

Ibikorwa nyabyo byo kohereza amafaranga kuri blockchain bishobora gusaba amafaranga y'urusobe. Baza igikorwa gisaba ayo mafaranga, hanyuma ugenzure umubare wayo muri porogaramu ya wallet yawe. Kwita fagitire ikiguzi cya gas ntibigaragaza ko hari amafaranga yagarujwe.

Abanyamategeko bakora mu buryo bwemewe bashobora gusaba amafaranga y'intangiriro cyangwa ibindi biciro mwumvikanyeho. Mbere y'uko umurimo utangira, saba inyandiko igaragaza ibyo bazakora n'amafaranga muzishyurana. Ikiguzi cy'umunyamwuga cyishyura umurimo wasobanuwe; uburiganya bw'ikiguzi cyo kurekura amafaranga bugusaba kwishyura ngo ufungure amafaranga wasezeranyijwe. Genzura ukwizerwa k'utanga serivisi n'amasezerano byombi ukoresheje andi makuru yigenga.

4. Rinda uburyo bwo kwinjira muri wallet igihe cyose hari isuzuma

Gukurikirana amafaranga yibwe bikorwa hifashishijwe inyandiko z'ibyoherejwe. Umuntu utazi ntakeneye amagambo yawe yo kugarura wallet, urufunguzo rw'ibanga, ijambobanga ryo ku isoko rya kripto cyangwa kode yo kwinjira ikoreshwa rimwe ngo asuzume inzira ayo mafaranga yanyuzemo.

Seed phrase ni amagambo akoreshwa mu kugarura wallet. Uyafite wese ashobora kugenzura iyo wallet. Itsinda rya IEEE ryemeje ko hari abiba imfunguzo rikoresheje wallet z'umutego.

Suzuma kandi niba hari ugusaba gushyira umukono ku gikorwa cyo kohereza amafaranga cyangwa ku butumwa. Uruhushya rwo gukoresha token rushobora kwemerera amasezerano y'ikoranabuhanga kwimura umutungo runaka muri wallet yawe. Guhagarika guhuza n'urubuga ntibikuraho uburenganzira wamaze gutanga.

Wifungurire ubufasha bwemewe bwa wallet yawe. Ntukoreshe umurongo wahawe n'uwiyita umukozi wo kugaruza amafaranga ngo ushyireho porogaramu, ugarure wallet cyangwa wemeze igikorwa cyo “kugenzura”.

5. Genzura ibikorwa byo kohereza amafaranga aho kwizera ifoto ya ekara

Saba inomero ziranga ibikorwa byo kohereza amafaranga, urusobe rwa blockchain n'umutungo nyirizina bireba. Genzura amakuru ukoresheje urubuga rwo kurebera ibikorwa bya blockchain wifunguriye ubwawe, aho gukoresha urupapuro rw'ibyegeranyo rwahawe na serivisi yo kugaruza amafaranga.

Ifoto ya ekara yerekana amafaranga menshi kuri konti ntiyemeza ko hari uwagaruje ayawe. N'igikorwa nyacyo cyo kohereza amafaranga gikenera ibisobanuro byerekana uko gihuye n'igihombo cyawe n'amafaranga ashobora gusubizwa mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko.

Ntugahuza wallet yawe n'urubuga cyangwa ngo usinye ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose kubera gusa ushaka kureba amakuru ya blockchain asangirwa na bose.

6. Fata ubuhamya bw'abakiriya n'ibivugwa mu bitangazamakuru nk'ibikeneye kugenzurwa

Coin Dispute Network yashinjwe gukoresha abakinnyi, imyirondoro mpimbano ku mbuga nkoranyambaga n'inkuru z'ibinyoma. Ibyo ni ingenzi iyo abantu benshi basa n'abadafitanye isano basaba gukoresha sosiyete imwe yo kugaruza amafaranga.

Abatekamutwe biyitirira abagaruza amafaranga bashobora kwifashisha serivisi zo gukwirakwiza amatangazo agenewe itangazamakuru kugira ngo bashyire inkuru zo kwamamaza ku mbuga z'amakuru. Ikirango cy'igitangazamakuru kizwi nticyemeza ko abanyamakuru bacyo bakoze iperereza kuri sosiyete.

Shakira ibimenyetso ahandi hatari ku rubuga rwa serivisi: urubanza ushobora kugenzura wigenga, umwirondoro w'umunyamwuga wemejwe, cyangwa umukiriya wemera kuvuga ku murimo wakozwe koko. Iyo bavuze ijanisha ry'abo bafashije, bagomba gusobanura uko baribaze.

Uko kugaruza amafaranga nyakuri bikorwa

Amafaranga ashobora kugaruzwa koko. Akenshi bisaba intambwe zitandukanye:

1. Gukurikirana: abashinzwe iperereza bamenya aho umutungo woherejwe.
2. Kurinda umutungo: isoko rya kripto cyangwa urundi ruhande rufite ububasha ruragira icyo rukora, cyangwa abayobozi bakabona ibyemezo by'amategeko bikenewe.
3. Gusubiza umutungo: nyirawo n'ibisabwa n'abahohotewe bigenzurwa hakurikijwe inzira iboneye.

Gukurikirana bigakunda ni igice kimwe gusa cy'uwo murimo.

Urugero rwanditswe rwabereye muri Richmond Hill, Georgia. Mu Ukwakira 2024, umuturage yatanze ikirego cy'uko kripto zifite agaciro ka hafi $124,000 zoherejwe atabihereye uburenganzira. FBI yakurikiranye umutungo irawufatira, hakurikiraho urubanza rwa leta zunze ubumwe rwo kuwambura nyirawo mu buryo bw'imbonezamubano. Mu Ugushyingo 2025, ibiro by'Umushinjacyaha wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika byatangaje ko $84,327.50 zari zarasubijwe uwahohotewe nyuma yo gufatira uwo mutungo no kuwuhindura amafaranga.

Ibyo byari ugusubizwa igice cy'amafaranga bivuye ku iperereza n'inzira y'urukiko. Ntibigaragaza ijanisha risanzwe ry'amafaranga ashobora kugaruzwa cyangwa ngo byemeze ko urundi rubanza ruzagira igisubizo kimwe.

Niba waramaze kwishyura serivisi yo kugaruza amafaranga

1. Hagarika izindi nyishyu. Bika ubutumwa mbere yo guhagarika uwabwohereje. Ntukishyure ikiguzi cya nyuma cyo kurekura amafaranga cyangwa ikindi kiguzi ngo usubizwe ayo wishyuye.
2. Hita uvugana n'utanga serivisi yo kwishyura. Menyesha banki yawe, uwaguhaye ikarita, isoko rya kripto cyangwa porogaramu yo kwishyura ko ukeka uburiganya. Baza niba bashobora guhagarika, kugarura, kujuririra cyangwa gushyira ikimenyetso ku nyishyu. Uburyo bwo kubikemura bushingira ku buryo wishyuye.
3. Bika ibimenyetso by'uburiganya bwombi. Bika amakuru y'uburiganya bwa mbere n'aya serivisi yo kugaruza amafaranga, harimo inyemezabwishyu, inomero z'ibyoherejwe, aderesi za wallet, imbuga, imeyili n'ibiganiro wabikuye muri porogaramu.
4. Rinda umutungo wose usigaye. Niba waratanze uruhushya ruteye amakenga rwo gukoresha token, kurikiza amabwiriza yemewe y'utanga wallet yawe kugira ngo urukureho. Guhagarika guhuza urubuga gusa ntibihagije.
5. Fata seed phrase wabwiye abandi nk'iyamaze kumenyekana. Kurikiza amabwiriza yemewe y'ubufasha bwa wallet mu kwimurira umutungo usigaye muri wallet nshya ifite amagambo mashya yo kuyigarura. Niba bot irimo gukura amafaranga muri wallet ishaje, ntukongere kripto zo kwishyura gas. Gukuraho uburenganzira bwatanzwe ntibishobora gutuma amagambo yamaze kumenyekana yongera kuba ibanga.
6. Menyesha inzego zibishinzwe uburiganya bwa kabiri n'ubwa mbere. Vugana na polisi yo mu gihugu cyawe cyangwa urwego rwakira ibirego by'ibyaha byo kuri interineti. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, tanga ikirego kuri IC3 no kuri FTC. Shyiramo amakuru y'abantu bakwijeje ubufasha bwo kugaruza amafaranga.