Okufanele ukwenze uma isikhwama sakho se-crypto sigqekeziwe
Uma imali ye-crypto iphuma esikhwameni sakho ngaphandle kwemvume yakho, vikela esasele. Yeka ukusayina izicelo ezivela kuwebhusayithi esolisayo. Misa ukufaka imali ekhelini elithintekile, kuhlanganise nezinkokhelo eziphindaphindwayo. Ungakhokheli muntu ukuthi aqinisekise, alungise noma avule isikhwama sakho.
Qinisekisa ukuthi yini ngempela ephumile
Hlola inethiwekhi efanele nekheli lakho lomphakathi kusihloli se-blockchain (block explorer) esithembekile, okuyiwebhusayithi ekhombisa amarekhodi e-blockchain. Ukufunda lawa marekhodi akudingi ukuthi uxhumanise isikhwama sakho noma ufake amagama akho ayimfihlo okubuyisela isikhwama (recovery phrase).
Ku-Ethereum nakumanethiwekhi afanayo, ama-token mbumbulu nokudluliselwa kwenani elinguziro kungadala amarekhodi abukeka sengathi uthumele imali, nakuba ungazange usayine. Irekhodi elisabisayo emlandweni wokuthengiselana lilodwa alifakazeli ukuthi okhiye bakho bantshontshiwe. Hlola ibhalansi yempahla yangempela; kuma-token, qhathanisa ikheli lenkontileka (contract address), okuyisihlonzi salelo token ku-blockchain, nemibhalo esemthethweni yomkhiphi walo.
Uma ukudluliselwa kwemali okuyingozi kusalinde ukuqinisekiswa, landela ngokushesha imiyalelo esemthethweni yesikhwama sakho yokukukhansela. Ukukhansela kuncike kunethiwekhi futhi kungase kwehluleke. Usizo lwesikhwama ngokuvamile alukwazi ukuhlehlisa ukudluliselwa osekuqinisekisiwe.
Khiya i-akhawunti ye-exchange ethintekile
Uma imali yakho igcinwe endaweni yokuhwebelana nge-crypto (exchange), sebenzisa umsebenzi wayo wokukhiya i-akhawunti uma ukhona, bese uthinta abosizo ngohlelo lwayo lokusebenza noma iwebhusayithi yangempela. Vikela i-imeyili exhunyiwe, shintsha amaphasiwedi adaluliwe, bese ususa izikhathi zokungena ongazazi kanye nokhiye be-API, abavumela izinhlelo zekhompyutha ukufinyelela i-akhawunti. Landela inqubo yaleyo exchange yokubuyisela i-akhawunti.
Uma ibhange noma ikhadi lakho likhokhisiwe
Hlola izitatimende zebhange nezekhadi ukuze ubone okuthengiwe noma imali edlulisiwe ongakugunyazanga. Thinta ithimba lebhange elibhekene nokukhwabanisa usebenzisa uhlelo lwalo noma inombolo esekhadini lakho. Buza ngokuvimba ezinye izinkokhelo, ukuphikisa izinkokhiso ezingagunyaziwe, nokuzama ukubuyisa ukudluliselwa kwemali kwakamuva. Bika futhi lokhu ku-exchange noma kumhlinzeki wezinkokhelo othintekayo.
Chaza ukuthi omunye umuntu ukhokhe ngaphandle kwemvume yakho yini, noma ukhohlisiwe ukuba uzikhokhele wena. Ibhange lingaphatha lezi zimo ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ukuphikisa inkokhelo yasebhange noma yekhadi kuhlukile ekubuyiseni i-crypto esivele yebiwe ku-blockchain.
Uma i-imeyili noma ifoni yakho ingenelelwe
Vikela i-imeyili exhunywe kuma-akhawunti akho e-exchange usebenzisa idivayisi ehlanzekile nephephile. Shintsha iphasiwedi yayo, susa amadivayisi angene kuyo ongawazi, bese uhlola izinombolo zocingo zokubuyisela i-akhawunti, ama-imeyili okubuyisela kanye nemithetho yokudlulisela ama-imeyili. Susa noma yini ongazange uyisethe. Ngemva kwalokho hlola izilungiselelo zokuphepha ze-exchange namakheli okukhishwa kwemali agciniwe ukuze ubone izinguquko ezingagunyaziwe.
Uma ifoni yakho ilahlekelwa yisevisi ngokuzumayo noma ingasatholi amakhodi okungena, thinta inkampani yenethiwekhi ngenye ifoni ubuze ukuthi kungenzeka yini kushintshwe i-SIM yakho ngobuqili (SIM swap). Buyisa ukulawula inombolo yakho futhi uvikele i-akhawunti yakho enkampanini yenethiwekhi. Lapho kusekelwa khona, shintsha ukuqinisekiswa kwama-akhawunti ezezimali okwenziwa ngemiyalezo ye-SMS usebenzise uhlelo lokuqinisekisa (authenticator app) noma ukhiye wokuphepha.
Faka okhiye abasha esikhundleni sabadaluliwe
Esikhwameni osilawula wena, uma amagama okubuyisela isikhwama noma ukhiye oyimfihlo (private key) entshontshiwe, kudingeka isikhwama esisha. Amagama okubuyisela angakha kabusha okhiye besikhwama. Ukhiye oyimfihlo ulawula i-akhawunti ethile. Ukushintsha iphasiwedi yohlelo lokusebenza akumncishi umhlaseli ukufinyelela kulabo khiye.
Dala isikhwama esisha esizimele kudivayisi ehlanzekile nethembekile, usebenzise isofthiwe esemthethweni namagama amasha okubuyisela. Ukungenisa amagama amadala noma ukwengeza enye i-akhawunti ngaphansi kwawo kushiya ingozi injalo. Phatha yonke i-akhawunti eyakhiwe kusetshenziswa lawo magama adaluliwe njengesesengozini. Gwema ukungena nge-akhawunti yenkundla yezokuxhumana esivele ingenelelwe lapho udala isikhwama esisha.
Hoxisa izimvume eziyingozi zokusebenzisa ama-token
Umhlaseli angaba nemvume yokuhambisa ama-token ngaphandle kokwazi okhiye bakho. Leyo mvume ingahlala isebenza futhi idle imali ozoyifaka ngokuzayo ngaphandle kokuthi uphinde usayine. Ocwaningweni lwamakheli angu-3,514 ezisulu ze-Ethereum ezathinteka ekukhwabaniseni ngezimvume, cishe u-69% wawo wakhishwa imali izikhathi eziningi. Ngisho nokulahlekelwa okuncane ekuqaleni kuyisizathu sokumisa ukufaka imali nokuhoxisa ukufinyelela ngokushesha.
Sebenzisa ithuluzi lokuhlola izimvume (approval checker) olithole ngeziqondiso ezisemthethweni zomhlinzeki wesikhwama sakho noma ngesihloli se-blockchain senethiwekhi. Hoxisa izimvume ezisolisayo zama-token nama-NFT kunethiwekhi ngayinye ethintekile, bese uqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhoxiswa kuqinisekisiwe ku-blockchain. Ngokuvamile lokhu kudinga inkokhelo yenethiwekhi. Ukunqamula ukuxhumana newebhusayithi akuzikhanseli izimvume zama-token ezikhona. Ezinye izimvume ezisayinwe ngaphambili zingadinga ukuhoxiswa ngokwehlukana. Uma imbangela ingacacile, phatha isikhwama njengengaphephile bese udlulisela izimpahla kwesisha esizimele.
Ungayifakeli imali i-bot ekhipha imali ngokuzenzakalela
Uma imali efakiwe inyamalala cishe ngaso leso sikhathi, kungenzeka i-bot intshontsha ngokuzenzakalela imali engenayo. Ungafaki enye i-crypto yokukhokha izindleko zokuthengiselana futhi ungazami ukuyidlula ngokuchofoza ngokushesha. Ukuhoxisa izimvume akuxazululi ukufinyelela ngokuqondile ngokhiye ontshontshiwe. Sebenzisa iziqondiso eziqinisekisiwe zomhlinzeki wesikhwama sakho ukuze uthole usizo lochwepheshe ngezimpahla ezivaleleke. Gwema izikripthi zokubuyisa imali ezinikezwa emiyalezweni eyimfihlo.
Dlulisela izimpahla ezisele ngokucophelela
Uma ukudluliselwa kungenziwa ngokuphepha, dlulisa izimpahla ngokushesha. Thatha ikheli lapho imali iya khona ngqo esikrinini esithi Receive sesikhwama esisha. Ungalikopishi emlandweni wokuthengiselana. Ucwaningo lokufaka amakheli okukhohlisa (address poisoning) lubonisa ukuthi abahlaseli bafaka amakheli afana nawangempela, anezinhlamvu zokuqala nezokugcina ezifana nalezo zamakheli asemthethweni. Qhathanisa lonke ikheli nalelo oliqinisekile, kuhlanganise nasesikrinini sesikhwama se-hardware uma sikhona.
Qinisekisa ukuthi ikheli okuthunyelwa kulo liyayamukela leyo mpahla nakuleyo nethiwekhi. Hlola i-akhawunti ngayinye ethintekile ukuze uthole ama-coin, ama-token, ama-NFT kanye nezimali eziku-staking noma ezibolekisiwe. Shiya imali eyanele yohlobo lwe-coin olukhokhela izimali zenethiwekhi ukuze uqede ukudlulisa ngaphambi kokuhambisa okusele. Izimali ezikhiyiwe zingadinga uhlelo oluhlukile lokuzisindisa. Buyekeza amakheli okufaka imali agciniwe futhi wazise bonke abakuthumelela imali esikhwameni esidala.
Uma kuntshontshwe i-USDT noma i-USDC
Bika ngokushesha ama-stablecoin antshontshiwe kubakhiphi bawo. I-Tether ne-Circle banezindlela zokuvimba ukudluliselwa kwama-token athile, ngakho ukubathinta kungasiza noma ukwebiwa sekwenzekile.
| I-token entshontshiwe | Lapho kufanele ubike khona |
|---|---|
| USDT | Thinta usizo lwe-Tether ucele ithimba le-Information Requests. I-Tether iqondisa imibiko yokwebiwa, ukugqekezwa nokukhwabanisa kuleli thimba. |
| USDC | Thinta usizo lwe-Circle. Bika futhi ku-exchange noma kumhlinzeki omsebenzisile, ngoba i-Circle ibekela umkhawulo inqubo yayo esemthethweni yezikhalazo kulabo abangewona amakhasimende ayo. |
Thumela inethiwekhi, inani, ama-ID okuthengiselana, amakheli athole imali, isikhathi sokwebiwa nencazelo emfushane. Nikeza amakheli nama-ID njengombhalo ongakopishwa, hhayi izithombe zesikrini kuphela. Faka inombolo yombiko wamaphoyisa uma uyitholile. Buza ukuthi ama-token antshontshiwe angamiswa yini nokuthi abaphenyi kudingeka banikeze miphi imibhalo. I-Circle ithi ukumisa imali kudinga igunya elifanele ngokomthetho. Akunasithembiso sokuthi imali izomiswa noma ibuyiselwe.
Uma imali entshontshiwe ifika ku-exchange
Thinta ngokushesha usizo olusemthethweni lwe-exchange eyamukele imali, noma ukwebiwa kwenzeke ngaphandle kwaleyo exchange. Thumela izixhumanisi zokuthengiselana, ikheli elithole imali, amanani, izikhathi nombiko wakho wamaphoyisa uma ukhona. Cela ukuba imali entshontshiwe ihlolwe ngokuphuthumayo, gcina inombolo yesicelo sosizo bese uyinika iphoyisa eliphenyayo. Nge-Binance, landela izinyathelo zayo zokubika imali entshontshiwe.
Cela amaphoyisa asebenzise isiteshi se-exchange esenzelwe abomthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Binance ithi ukumisa imali kudinga umyalelo osemthethweni ofanele ovela kwabomthetho noma enkantolo. Iphinde ithi abosizo lwamakhasimende abakwazi ukukudalulela ulwazi oluyimfihlo lophenyo. Ukuvula isicelo sosizo nokubandakanya abaphenyi kuyizinyathelo ezimbili eziwusizo.
Gcina ubufakazi futhi ubike ukwebiwa
Ngaphambi kokususa izinhlelo zokusebenza noma ukusula konke kudivayisi, gcina amakheli esikhwama, ama-ID okuthengiselana, amanethiwekhi, amanani, izikhathi, amawebhusayithi omkhonyovu, imiyalezo nezithombe zesikrini. I-ID yokuthengiselana iyireferensi eyingqayizivele yokudluliselwa kwemali. Ungalokothi ufake izimfihlo zesikhwama embikweni. Bika ngokushesha emaphoyiseni asendaweni noma ophikweni lwezwe lakho olubhekene nobugebengu be-inthanethi. E-United States kuphela, sebenzisa ic3.gov, ngisho noma eminye imininingwane ingakatholakali.
Hlanza idivayisi futhi ugweme abosizo mbumbulu
Hlola okulandwe kamuva, izandiso zesiphequluli, izinhlelo zesikhwama mbumbulu nezicelo ozisayinile. Buyekeza isofthiwe futhi uhlole amagciwane nezinhlelo ezinonya (malware). Ngaphambi kokusula idivayisi, gcina ubufakazi futhi uqinisekise ukuthi usengakwazi ukufinyelela imali ngekhophi yokubuyisela esebenzayo noma ngesikhwama esisha. Uma idivayisi ingenelelwe, yihlanze noma ufake kabusha isofthiwe ngaphambi kokusebenzisa isikhwama esisha. Vikela neminye imininingwane yokungena okungenzeka idaluliwe.
Ucwaningo lwe-IEEE lwango-2024 lwathola ukuthi abasizi mbumbulu baqondisa abantu ababhala esidlangalaleni becela usizo ngesikhwama, bese behambisa izingxoxo ku-imeyili, ku-Telegram noma kwezinye iziteshi ukuze bacele izimfihlo zesikhwama noma izimali. Qala wena ukuxhumana nabasekeli ngohlelo lokusebenza noma iwebhusayithi esemthethweni. Impendulo ebonakala iwusizo noma ukuhambisa ingxoxo ngasese akufakazeli ubunikazi bomuntu. Yenqaba izithembiso zokubuyiselwa kwemali okuqinisekisiwe, izimali zokukhulula imali, izicelo zamagama okubuyisela isikhwama, nokulawulwa kwedivayisi yakho ukude ngabantu ongabazi.
Yenza isikhwama esilandelayo siphephe kakhudlwana
Hlukanisa imali oyilondolozela isikhathi eside nesikhwama osisebenzisa nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Gcina amagama amasha okubuyisela ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi futhi eyimfihlo. Isikhwama se-hardware sinciphisa ezinye izingozi zokwebiwa kokhiye, kodwa asikwazi ukukuvikela emvume eyingozi oyisayina wena.
Ocwaningweni lwango-2026 olulingisa ukusetshenziswa kwesikhwama, isexwayiso semizuzwana emihlanu nesicelo sokubuyekeza imininingwane kwandise ukwenqatshwa kwezimvume eziyingozi. Umkhuba owusizo ukuma ngaphambi kokusayina bese uhlola i-token, ikheli elivunyelwe ukuyisebenzisa kanye nenani elikhulu elivunyelwe. Uma ushintshanisa i-50 USDC, gunyaza i-50 USDC kunokuba unikeze ukufinyelela okungenamkhawulo. Khansela uma imininingwane ingacacile, futhi uhoxise izimvume ongasazidingi.